In bridge widening projects, the method of stitching is normally employed for connecting existing deck to the new deck. What are the problems associated with this method in terms of shrinkage of concrete?

In bridge widening projects, the method of stitching is normally employed for connecting existing deck to the new deck. What are the problems associated with this method in terms of shrinkage of concrete? In the method of stitching, it is a normal...

Weight of steel bars per meter – Weight of steel bars formula

Weight of steel bars per meter – Weight of steel bars formula Diameter of bars in millimeter Weight of bars in kilogram 6 mm0.22 kg/meter 10 mm0.62 kg/meter 12 mm0.89 kg/meter 16 mm1.58 kg/meter 20 mm2.469 kg/meter 25 mm3.858 kg/meter Weight of...

what is Rough cost estimate

what is Rough cost estimate Rough cost estimate is also called approximate estimate. Because in approximate estimate we can find out the estimation of building an approximatly.This is an inexact estimate to find out a rough cost in a short time which...

Types of Estimate

Types of Estimate Original Estimate Repair Estimate Types of Original Estimate Rough Cost Estimate Detailed Estimate Types Of Rough Cost Estimate Per Unit Number Plinth Area Basis Cube Rate Estimate  Per Unit Length of Wall Per Unit Length of Road & Heighway...

What is Quantity Surveying/ Estimation

Quantity Surveying/ Estimating An art to collect data about material and cost required for a project is called QUANTITY SURVEYING/ESTIMATING. The Process of cost estimating is working out how much a building or other construction will cost to make. The cost are...

RATE ANALYSIS sandwich panel Sheet 50mm mm thick ( Pre painted )

RATE ANALYSIS Job Description Providing , installation of M.S sandwich panel Sheet 50mm mm thick ( Pre painted ) over M.S frame structure  using hex washer head self tapping & drilling screws and over laping G.I Sheet 24-SWG at corners painted with...

RATE ANALYSIS of 60HP centrifugal pump

RATE ANALYSIS Job Description Providing and installation of centrifugal pump for Sprinklers system Specially made on order from PECO Pakistan , of PCO 100-L  with electric motor (PECO)  60HP , 400V, 50HZ, 2900 RPM, 3Phase,fitted on R.C.C plate form using special nut...

RATE ANALYSIS of HDPE Plan Bend 90 degree

RATE ANALYSIS Job Description Providing /Fixing High Density Poly Ethylene ( HDPE ) Plan Bend 110mm dia (Dadex / Beta / BBJ / or any equivalent)   i/c polyfusion joint, solvent solution as approved by the consultant and Engineer Incharge  complete in all...

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along A.ridge line B.contour line C.valley line D.straight line. Answer: Option A ...

Units of Measurement

Units of measurement used in past and present surveys are For construction work: feet, inches, fractions of inches (m, mm)For most surveys: feet, tenths, hundredths, thousandths (m, mm)For National Geodetic Survey (NGS) control surveys: meters, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 m The most-used equivalents...

What are the Characteristics of Contours?

Contours show distinct characteristic features of the terrain as follows: i) All points on a contour line are of the same elevation. ii) No two contour lines can meet or cross each other except in the rare case of an overhanging vertical...

Explain Terms Used in Contouring

Define Contour LineA Contour line is an imaginary outline of the terrain obtained by joining its points of equal elevation. In our example of the cone, each circle is a contour line joining points of same level. Define Contour Interval (CI)Contour interval...

ESTIMATION METHODS OF BUILDING WORKS

The estimation of building quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinth and super structure etc., can be workout by any of following two methods: a) Long wall – short wall method b) Centre line method. c) Partly centre line and...