Types of Estimate

Types of Estimate

• Original Estimate
• Repair Estimate

Types of Original Estimate

1. Rough Cost Estimate
2. Detailed Estimate

Types Of Rough Cost Estimate

• Per Unit Number
• Plinth Area Basis
• Cube Rate Estimate 
• Per Unit Length of Wall
• Per Unit Length of Road & Heighway
• Per Unit Length of Irrigation Channel
• Per Unit Length of Railway Track
• Per Litre For Over Head Water Tanks

1. Detailed Estimate

Detailed Estimate take every quantity of every item and multiply with unit of rate..
\
for example…

• excavation.. 
• Brick Masonary.. 
• R.c.c. 
• Plaster
• Steel 
• Flooring
• Tile and fishing work

First we take measurement and them prepared abstract of Cost.

   2.  Types Of Repair Estimate

• Annual Repair Estimate
• Quadrennial Repair Estimate
• Special Repair Estimate

What is Quantity Surveying/ Estimation

Quantity Surveying/ Estimating

An art to collect data about material and cost required for a project is called
QUANTITY SURVEYING/ESTIMATING.
The Process of cost estimating is working out how much a building or other
construction will cost to make. The cost are usually divided into material and labour
cost..

TENDERING is the process of making a priced offer to construct the building. This is a
legally enforcable offer made within the conditions of the tender documention.
Necessary data for preparing an estimate of project are

1. Drawings
2. Specifications 
3. Rates.

Types of Estimate
A. Original Estimate
B. Repair Estimate

RATE ANALYSIS sandwich panel Sheet 50mm mm thick ( Pre painted )

RATE ANALYSIS
	Job Description
Providing , installation of M.S sandwich panel Sheet 50mm mm thick ( Pre painted ) over M.S frame structure  using hex washer head self tapping & drilling screws and over laping G.I Sheet 24-SWG at corners painted with matching colour  i/c carrage of material from lahore to Gojra at site of work through Cantainer/troller , charges of uplifting through crane at 40' height for installation, cost of all other  materials ,  labour  etc complete in all respects as per drawing and design  as approved and advised by the Consultant / Engineer Incharge.
(1st BI-ANNUAL-2017 , 01.01.2017 TO 30.06.2017)
Unit:	P. Sft				Take for analysis= 37.5' x 45'=1687.5 Sft
S. No.	Description					Unit	Quantity	Rate	Amount
A	Materials
1	M.S Sandwich panel sheet full width 38ft.
	Top                    38' x 37.5'		=	1425	Sft
	Front                    37.5' x 2.66'		=	99.75	Sft
	Back                    37.5' x 5.66'		=	212.25	Sft
	Add wastage 5 %			86.85	Sft
		Total	=	1823.85	Sft	Sft	1,823.85	580.00	1,057,833
	G.I Sheet 24 SWG
	Front                    37.5' x 1'		=	37.5	Sft
	Back                    37.5' x 1'		=	37.5	Sft
	Add wastage 5 %			3.75	Sft
		Total	=	78.75	Sft
	78.75 Sft @ 1.156 Lbs/Sft		=	41.33	Kgs	Kg	41.33	100.00	4,133
2	hex washer head self tapping & drilling screws
	Top and sides @ 3' c/c			247	Nos
	Add wastage 10 %			25.00	Nos
		Total	=	272.00	Nos	Nos	272.00	35.00	9,520
3	Steel cutting disc					Each	5.00	480.00	2,400
4	Electricity					Unit	75.00	20.00	1,500
	Total Amount ( A ):								1,075,386
B	Carriage and hire charges
2	38' Length roof sheet panel on troller container i/c loading & Unloading					Each	33%	30,000.00	10,000
4	Drill machine for 3 days @ 300 / day					Day	3.00	300	900
6	Crane for uplifting the full length sheet panels and placing them at proper place upto 40' height.					Day	1.00	30000	30,000
	Total Amount ( B ):								40,900
C	Labour
(a)	Labour required  Fixing M.S Sandwich Panel Sheet.
1	Technician
	1 Nos for 3 days					Days	3.00	2,800	8,400
2	Skilled Cooly ( LB-024)
	4 Nos for 3 days					Days	12.00	608	7,296
	Add sundries 10%								1,569.6
	Total Amount ( C ):								17,266
	Total Amount (A+B+ C ):								1,133,552
	Contractor profit , taxes , site expenses and  over head 20%								226,710.3
	Grand Total Amount:								1,360,262
	Rate Per Sft   =	1360262/1687.5							806.08
							Say Rs	806	P/Sft

RATE ANALYSIS of 60HP centrifugal pump

RATE ANALYSIS
	Job Description
Providing and installation of centrifugal pump for Sprinklers system Specially made on order from PECO Pakistan , of PCO 100-L  with electric motor (PECO)  60HP , 400V, 50HZ, 2900 RPM, 3Phase,fitted on R.C.C plate form using special nut bolts 12" long i/c electric controll panel with main breaker , Phase failure, Amp Meter, Volt meter, selector Switch ,Push Button ,internal wiring etc Complete in all respects  as approved by the consultant/ Engineer Incharge.
Unit:	P. Each
S. No.	Description					Unit	Quantity	Rate	Amount
A	Materials
1	Cost of  centrifugal pump Specially made on order from PECO Pakistan , of  PCO 100-L with electric motor (PECO)  60HP , 400V, 50HZ, 2900 RPM, 3Phase (Quotation Atteched) Including GST with  controll panel with main breaker , Phase failure, Amp Meter, Volt meter, selector Switch ,Push Button ,internal wiring etc Complete					Each	1.00	625000	625,000
2	Control box of M.S Sheet 16-SWG openable with wiring.					Each	1.00	10000	10,000
3	Nut Bolts 12" Long including rubber bearing pad					Nos	4.00	375	1,500
4	Carriage of  Pump from PECO factory Lahore to Gojra site.					Job	1.00	L.S	5,000
5	installation Charges.					Job	1.00	L.S	5,000
6	Installation of Control box, starter,connectioning and testing charges					Job	1.00	L.S	10,000
	Total Amount:								656,500
	Contractor profit , taxes , site expenses and  over head 20%								131,300.0
	Grand Total Amount:								787,800
					Say Rs		787,800		P/Each

RATE ANALYSIS of HDPE Plan Bend 90 degree

	RATE ANALYSIS
		Job Description
	Providing /Fixing High Density Poly Ethylene ( HDPE ) Plan Bend 110mm dia (Dadex / Beta / BBJ / or any equivalent)   i/c polyfusion joint, solvent solution as approved by the consultant and Engineer Incharge  complete in all respect.
	Unit:	Each		Take for Analysis = 1 No
	S. No.	Description	Unit	Quantity	Rate	Amount
	A	Materials
	1	Elbow 90* 110mm ( Rate List attached ) With wastage 10 %	No	1.10	1200	1,320
	3	Electricity for Joints Machine( 2 Joints )	Unit	5.00	20.00	100.00
		Total Amount ( A )				1,420.00
	B	Carriage and hire charges
	1	Carriage of matieral at site	Each	1 /15	900	60.00
		Total Amount ( B )				60.00
	C	Labour
	1	For Polyfusion welded joint with machine i/c Labour  ( as per Market Rate)	Each	2.00	700	1,400.00
		Total Amount ( C )				1,400.00
		Total Amount ( A + B + C ):				2,880.00
		Contractor profit , taxes , site expenses  and over head  20%				576.00
		Grand Total Amount:				3,456.00
		Rate For Each.:				3,456.00
		Say:			3,456	Each

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants & Wastewater Management

Objectives of Wastewater Treatment To kill the pathogens To improve the quality of wastewater To avoid unhygienic conditions To protect the aquatic life from the toxicity wastes To make the wastewater usable for agricultural, aquaculture etc There are three constituents and interrelated aspects of waste water management.

Collection of wastewater Collection of domestic wastewater is best achieved by a full sewerage water drain age system. Unfortunately this method is most expensive and there is relatively few communities in hot climate which afford it. A modern hygienic method of night soil collection is the only realistic alternative. Treatment of wastewater Treatment is required principally to destroy pathogenic agents in sewage or night soil and to encore that it is suitable for whatever re-use process is secreted for it. Re-use of wastewater (Recycling of wastewater) The responsible re-use of night soil and sewage effluent is aqua culture and crop irrigation can make a significant contribution to a community food supply and hence it’s general social development. The best example is china where over 90% of waste after treatment is applied to land Performance criteria for Wastewater Treatment Management System The ideal system would satisfy all of the following criteria. Health criteria Water Recycling criteria Ecological criteria Nuisance criteria Cultural criteria Operational criteria Cost criteria Health Criteria: Pathogenic organisms should not be spread either by direct contact with right soil or sewage or indirectly via soil, water or food. The treatment chosen should achieve a high degree of pathogen destruction. Re-use/Recycle Criteria: The treatment process should yield a safe product for re-use, preferably in aquaculture and agriculture. Ecological criteria: In those cases land the should be considered exception when the waste cannot be re-use, the discharge of effluent into a surface water should not exceed the self-purification capacity of the recipient water. Nuisance Criteria: The degree of odor release must be below the nuisance threshold. No part of the system should become aesthetically offensive. Cultural Criteria. The methods chosen for waste collection, treatment and re-use should be compatible with local habits and social (religious) practice. Operational Criteria: The skills required for the routine operation and maintenance of the system components must be available locally or are such that they can be acquired with only minimum training. Cost criteria: Capital and running costs must not exceed the community’s ability to pay. The financial return from re-use schemes is an important factor is an important factor in this regard. However, no one system completely satisfies all these demands. The problem becomes one of minimizing disadvantages.

Public Health Engineering

Public Health Engineering The public health engineering sector is responsible for the Collection of water, purification, transmission and distribution of water. A Public Health Engineerr has to perform his job by calculating design flow, design population , design area and population density Collection of water Purification works Transmission works Distribution works Water works Explained Collection of water: This includes the collection of water from all available sources to ensure continuous supply of water to the community. Purification works:Quality of the collected water is checked by physical and chemical tests on water and if the quantity is not satisfactory and according to WHO standards then, purification or treatment of water is done to make it suitable for its intended use e.g. cooking, drinking, bathing, washing etc. Transmission works: Transmission works includes measure taken to ensure the purified supply of water by laying out conduits, which do not affect the quality of water Distribution works:Water is then distributed to the consumers in desired quantity at adequate pressure. The quantity of water may be different for residential, commercial and industrial zones. So accordingly, there should be a difference between the quantities of water that they will receive and hence the transmission works.Similarly, the pressure of water is also important in industries, storied buildings, and hilly areas.

Design population: It is the no. of people for whom the project is designed. The population should be considered as it would be at the end of design period. Design Flows: The maximum discharge required at the end of transmission system is called design flow. Per capita consumption is the average intake of water per person. It may be for a single day, a week, a month or annually. It can be found out by dividing the total consumption of water by the number of individuals in population using that water. The flow of water for design is calculated by multiplying the average per capita consumption annually with the design period (in years) and the design population. Design period: It is the number of years in future for which the excess capacity is provided. For this amount of time the proposed system, its component structures and equipments should be appropriate and adequate. The design period depends upon: Life of components system structures used. Ease of expansion of the project The type of technology used The rate of increase of population The rate of increase in water demand. The flow required for design period must be estimated and not over-estimated, to prevent the project from becoming un-economical and over-burdening the community with extra cost. Population density The number of persons per unit area – e.g. persons/Km2 Locality Density Average city 30 – 40 /Acre Sparsely built up residential area 15 /Acre Closely built up residential area 35 /Acre Apartments and tenement districts 100 - 1000 /Acre Table 1 - Densities of different areas Keywords: asic design flow, design flow, sanitary sewer design flows, sewer design flows, wastewater design flows, design periods, interior design periods, periods of design, design periods timeline

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following

Pick up the incorrect statement from the following

A. Side walls of a venturi head flume are splayed out from the end of the throat at 1 : 10 for a length of 4.5 m B. Length of side walls should be such that the width of the flume is made equal to 2/3rd the bed width of the distributary C. Once the width of the flume becomes 2/3rd of the width of the distributary, the splayed walls are increased to 1 in 3 to get full bed width D. None of these. Answer: Option D

If B and d are the bed width and depth of a channel in metres, the combined losses due to evaporation and seepage in cumecs per kilometre length of the channel, is

If B and d are the bed width and depth of a channel in metres, the combined losses due to evaporation and seepage in cumecs per kilometre length of the channel, is

A. B. C. D. Answer: Option D

The length of a meander is the distance along the river between the tangent point of one curve to the tangent point of

The length of a meander is the distance along the river between the tangent point of one curve to the tangent point of

A. reverse curve B. next curve of the same order C. reverse curve plus the width of the river D. none of these. Answer: Option B

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along

Irrigation canals are generally aligned along

A. ridge line B. contour line C. valley line D. straight line. Answer: Option A

Borrow pits should preferably be located in

1.	Borrow pits should preferably be located in
	A. field on the left side of the canal B. field on the right side of the canal C. fields on both sides of the canal D. central half width of the section of the canal. Answer: Option D