Biological Wastewater Treatment Method

Biological Wastewater Treatment Method

It comprises of the following sub processes:

1. Aerobic biological processes
2. Anaerobic biological processes
3. Facultative biological processes

1. Aerobic Biological Processes

Aerobic Biological Processes are those where sufficed amount of dissolved oxygen is required into the wastewater to sustain aerobic action, as one of the major polluting effects of wastewater on streams results form the depletion of dissolved oxygen by the action of aerobic organisms in degrading the organic content of the waste. Practical aerobic biological treatment processes seek to to this, within the constraints of available land area and economic resources available to construct and operate treatment works.

          2. Anaerobic Biological Processes

Anaerobic Biological processes are those where micro-organisms oxidize organic matter in the completed absence of dissolved oxygen. The micro-organisms take oxygen form inorganic salts which contain bound oxygen (Nitrate NO₃, Sulphate So₄^2-, Phosphate PO₄^2-). This mode of operation is termed as anaerobic processes. Sufficiently fore dissolved oxygen is either physically difficult or economically impracticable to transfer into the wastewater to sustain aerobic action to biodegrade strong organic wastes.

Aerobic Biological Treatment Processes

There are five types of aerobic biological treatment processes used to treat municipal sewage:

1. Tricking filters
2. Rotating biological contactors (filter)
3. Activated sludge
4. Oxidization ponds
5. Aerated lagoons (used for pre treat ion industrial effluent)

Biological Treatment systems

1. Attached growth processes
2. Suspended growth processes
3. Dual (hybrid) biological treatment processes.

Trickling Filter

Introduction to trickling filter system:

The trickling filter is like a circular well having depth up to 2 meter filled with granular media like stone, plastic sheets and redwood, slag, slate.

The first tricking filter was placed in operation in England in 1893. The concept of a tricking filter grew from the contact frets which were water tight basins filled with broken stones. The limitation of the contact filters included a relatively:

1. High incidence of clogging,
2. The long retention time (a typical cycle required 12 hours, 6 hours for operation and 6 hours for resting) and relatively
3. Low loading rate. life cycle/ biological circle of bacteria: 20-30 minutes. The tricking filter itself consists of a bed of coarse material, such as stones, slates or plastic materials (media) over which wastewater is applied. Because the micro-organisms that biodegrade the waste form a film on the media this process is known as an attached growth process.

Tricking filters have been a popular biological treatment processes. The widely used design of trickling filters that can last for many years is:

Design diameter of Rock filters = 60m (2007t) and for Rock size Design diameter = 25 to 100mm